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<meta itemprop="description" content="Anytime I install a new system on my machine, I pray God for nothing bad happens. But it usually happens. When I reboot, I find myself in the “Grub rescue” menu and I don’t know how to fix things from that point.">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title" itemprop="headline">Never Get Trapped in Grub Rescue Again!
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<time datetime="2022-03-03T00:46:00+00:00">March 3, 2022</time>
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<p>Anytime I install a new system on my machine, I pray God for nothing bad happens. But it usually happens. When I reboot, I find myself in the “Grub rescue” menu and I don’t know how to fix things from that point.</p>
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<p>I go into the live environment and run some random commands that I found on the internet and hope for the best.</p>
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<p><img src="/assets/images/grub-rescue/random-bullshit.jpg" alt="me trying to fix grub" /></p>
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<p>What a nice way to shoot myself in the foot! But this time is different. This time, I f*cked up so much that even the random commands on the internet could not help me. I was on my own and I needed to figure out what is wrong with my system. Let me tell you what I did:</p>
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<p>I decided to install another OS just to try it in a real machine. I wanted to shrink one of my partitions to create a space for the new system. I run <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">fdisk /dev/sdb</code>, the very first message that it tells me was</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea. It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap partitions on this disk.</code></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Yes, it just screams <strong><em>“Do not do it!”</em></strong> but come on. I will not try to shrink the partition I am using (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb3</code>). So it should not be a problem. I ignored the message and shrink it anyway. No problem. Installed and tested the new OS a little bit. Time to reboot and hope for the best. And of course it did not boot. What would I even expecting?</p>
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<p><img src="/assets/images/grub-rescue/cj.png" alt="ah sh*t here we go again" /></p>
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<p>As always, I booted into a live environment and run <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">boot-repair</code> command. It was always working but this time… Even after finishing the operation successfully I could not boot into neither Arch nor Ubuntu (the two systems I had previously).</p>
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<p>Arch was originally mounted in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb3</code> and Ubuntu was in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sda2</code>. Considering the fact that I only messed with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb</code>, I should be able to boot Ubuntu, right? Well, yeah. Technically I did boot into Ubuntu but I didn’t see the login screen. It was dropping me into something called <em>“Emergency mode”</em> which just makes me panic! <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sudo update-grub</code>… Nope. Nothing changes. Arch does not boot and Ubuntu partially boots.</p>
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<p>Let me tell you what the problem was and how my ignorance made it worse:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>While installing the new system, I saw a partition <strong>labelled</strong> <em>“Microsoft Basic Data”</em>. I deleted it thinking it is not required because I don’t use W*ndows. It turns out, it was my <em>boot</em> partition for Arch, just labelled incorrectly… Big lolz :D But we will see this is not even important because I had to rewrite my boot partition anyway.</p>
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</li>
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<li>My Arch was installed in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb3</code>. When I created a new partition and installed the new system, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb3</code> was shifted to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb5</code> even though I did not ask for it. But the grub configuration to boot my system was still pointing to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb3</code>. That was the reason why Arch does not boot. It was trying to boot from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb3</code>. So I had to recreate grub configuration and reinstall grub to fix it. I run the following commands that I found <a href="https://www.jeremymorgan.com/tutorials/linux/how-to-reinstall-boot-loader-arch-linux/">here</a> in a live Arch environment:
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<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">mkdir</span> /mnt/arch
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mount <span class="nt">-t</span> auto /dev/sdb5 /mnt/arch
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arch-chroot /mnt/arch
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mount <span class="nt">-t</span> auto /dev/sdb4 /boot/efi
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os-prober
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grub-mkconfig <span class="o">></span> /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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grub-install <span class="nt">--efi-directory</span><span class="o">=</span>/boot/efi <span class="nt">--target</span><span class="o">=</span>x86_64-efi /dev/sdb
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<span class="nb">exit
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</span>reboot
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</code></pre></div> </div>
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<p>And it fixed my grub. I can now boot into Arch, hooray!</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Ubuntu was not still booting properly. I checked the logs with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">journalctl -xb</code> and saw something related with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb</code>. Ubuntu was installed in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sda2</code>, why <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb</code> should be a problem? Then I remembered something. Back in times when I was using Ubuntu, I was using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb1</code> as a secondary storage. So I had a configuration where it automatically mounts <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb1</code> on startup. Since I messed with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sdb1</code> , it was failing to mount it. I opened <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/fstab</code>, and deleted the related line. Bingo! It started booting properly.</p>
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<p><img src="/assets/images/grub-rescue/hackerman.jpg" alt="i am something of a hackerman myself" /></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>I started feeling like Hackerman, and I said to myself <em>“You know what, Imma fix everything.”</em> I had a very sh*tty grub menu with useless grub entries from old systems that I don’t use anymore. The UEFI also had the same problem. It had ridiculous amount of boot entries that most of them are just trash.</p>
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<p><img src="/assets/images/grub-rescue/shitty-uefi.jpg" alt="the pictures i took while trying to figure out which boot options are useless" /></p>
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<p>These are the pictures I took for reference while trying to figure out which boot options are useless. Sorry for the bad quality. I didn’t think I would use them in a blog post.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>While trying to fix the previous problems, I’ve spent enough time in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/boot/efi</code> directory that make me understand where these grub entries are coming from. There were a lot of files belong to old systems. I simply deleted them and updated grub. All of the bad entries were gone. I want to draw your attention here: <em>I did not search for how to delete the unused grub entries. I just knew deleting their directories from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/boot/efi</code> will do the job. I am doing this sh*t! (Another hackerman moment :D )</em></li>
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<li>In order to delete useless boot options from UEFI menu, I used <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">efibootmgr</code>. I searched for it on the internet, of course!
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<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>efibootmgr <span class="nt">-v</span> <span class="c"># Check which entries you want to delete, say it is 0003.</span>
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<span class="nb">sudo </span>efibootmgr <span class="nt">-b</span> 0003 <span class="nt">-B</span> <span class="c"># This will delete third boot option. </span>
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</code></pre></div> </div>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>And finally! I know everything about how all these work. Another shady part of Linux is clear for me. Now:</p>
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<p><img src="/assets/images/grub-rescue/quote.jpg" alt="Give me a ruined computer and an Arch ISO, and I shall fix it for you." /></p>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time datetime="2022-03-03T00:46:00+00:00">March 3, 2022</time></p>
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